Greatness of Soul (aka: magnanimity) is a virtue akin to what may be understood today as justifiable pride. Someone who manages to achieve this mean is someone who believes himself worthy of great honor and reward...and he actually is. That brings us to the endgame of the magnanimous man: honor. One who achieves greatness of soul isn't just of any nature; for instance, he is not a man of mediocre moral fiber who recognizes as much, and who accepts appropriate honor and reward for his mediocrity. The magnanimous man strives for, and achieves, the highest good among men; as such, someone who has achieved greatness of soul is worthy of (and accepts) great honor. While the man who has greatness of soul is at an extreme in regard to the magnitude of his claims, greatness of soul is a mean insofar as the claim the magnanimous man makes is right.
If this is so, then what is the excess and deficiency of greatness of soul? First, I'll address the excess. The excess, vanity, is the lesser of the two vices. The vain man considers himself to be worthy of more honor than he actually is, and so considers himself to be of greater moral worth than is really the case. The deficiency, which Aristotle seems to regard as the greater of the two vices, is what he calls smallness of soul (but what I would call humility). The small-souled person claims for themselves fewer honors and moral deserts than they rightly deserve; however, unlike with the great-souled man, Aristotle portrays the small-souled individual as being of a more variable character. For instance, the great-souled man is, by definition, worthy of great honors. The small-souled man, though, may be worthy of very few or a substantial amount of honors, and yet believes himself undeserving.
When I think of Greatness of Soul, I think of Gimley from Lord of the Rings. He is a proud character, proud both of himself in regards to his accomplishments and skills and in regards to his dwarvin culture. He takes no insults upon his character when he believes them to be undeserved, and (the majority of the time, short of some comic-relief moments) he does so rightly. Further, he does not claim any honor or desert that rightly belongs to his comrades. Lastly, he's just a great dwarf, and I mean great in the fandom and in the Aristotelian type of way.
That would be a very interesting project to look at all the characters in LOR from an Aristotlean perspective. I actually see Gandolf more as a great souled wizard....
ReplyDeleteGreat blog! It's interesting that you identified the deficiency of magnanimity as "humility." Aristotle might agree, there wasn't a whole lot of room for humility in the Greek polis, but can't one think of humility as a virtue? How would it be different from magnanimity?
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